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                "embedded_text": "COOPERATIVE\nEXTENSION HELPFUL INFO\nKSU EXTENSION CONNECTIONS"
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            "text": "Information from the Community Resource Development Team with Kentucky State University's Cooperative Extension Program",
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            "text": "Urban Horticultural Production"
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            "text": "Soil Testing in Urban Horticulture",
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            "text": "Urban horticulture is expanding as city residents transform vacant lots, backyards, and community gardens into spaces for fresh produce, herbs, and flowers. These gardens enhance community health, biodiversity, and sustainability. However, urban soil often faces issues from contamination, compaction, and poor management. Soil testing is a vital first step for urban growers, revealing key information about nutrients, pH, organic matter, and possible contaminants."
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            "text": "This guide provides a simple, step-by-step approach to soil testing, helping urban growers create healthy, productive, and safe gardens."
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            "text": "Why Test Urban Soils?",
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            "text": "Common concerns in urban soil include:",
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                    "text": "pH extremes (too acidic or too alkaline)",
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                    "text": "Compaction and poor drainage",
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                    "text": "Heavy metal contamination (lead, arsenic, cadmium)",
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                    "text": "Excess salt from past construction or irrigation",
                    "marker": "4."
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                    "text": "Nutrient imbalances (too much or too little nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium)",
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            "text": "Soil testing helps you:",
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                    "text": "Identify nutrient needs",
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                    "text": "Determine pH adjustments",
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                    "text": "Detect potential contamination",
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                    "text": "Avoid unnecessary fertilizer use",
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                    "text": "Reduce environmental harm",
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                    "text": "Support long-term soil health",
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            "text": "When and How Often to Test",
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            "text": "When to Test: Ideally, test soil 3-6 months before planting, especially if amendments are needed."
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            "text": "How Often: At least every 2–3 years for ongoing gardens. Test annually if growing food intensively or applying compost/fertilizer regularly."
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            "text": "How to Collect a Soil Sample",
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            "text": "Tools Needed",
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                    "text": "Pair of gloves",
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            "text": "Look for different environments in your field or garden and collect separate samples from areas that are mostly sunny versus those in deep shade, or dry areas versus wet areas."
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            "text": "[p1.23.1]Do not sample compost areas, under the dripline of trees, or near sidewalks and driveways.",
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            "text": "Kentucky State University is an equal opportunity provider.",
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