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                        "embedded_text": "COOPERATIVE\nEXTENSION HELPFUL INFO\nKSU EXTENSION CONNECTIONS"
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                    "text": "Information from the Community Resource Development Team with Kentucky State University's Cooperative Extension Program",
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                    "text": "Urban Horticultural Production",
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                    "text": "Soil Testing in Urban Horticulture",
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                    "text": "Urban horticulture is expanding as city residents transform vacant lots, backyards, and community gardens into spaces for fresh produce, herbs, and flowers. These gardens enhance community health, biodiversity, and sustainability. However, urban soil often faces issues from contamination, compaction, and poor management. Soil testing is a vital first step for urban growers, revealing key information about nutrients, pH, organic matter, and possible contaminants.",
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                    "text": "Why Test Urban Soils?",
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                    "text": "Soil testing helps you:",
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                    "text": "How Often: At least every 2–3 years for ongoing gardens. Test annually if growing food intensively or applying compost/fertilizer regularly.",
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                    "text": "Look for different environments in your field or garden and collect separate samples from areas that are mostly sunny versus those in deep shade, or dry areas versus wet areas.",
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                    "text": "[p1.23.1]Do not sample compost areas, under the dripline of trees, or near sidewalks and driveways.",
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                    "text": "Kentucky State University is an equal opportunity provider.",
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                    "text": "Soil Testing Resources in Louisville",
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                    "text": "KSU West Louisville Extension Office\n1300 Muhammad Ali Blvd, Louisville, KY 40203\nDr. Alhagie K. Cham\nalhagie.cham@kysu.edu",
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                    "text": "Jefferson Co. Soil & Water Conservation District\n4229 Bardstown Rd Ste. 203, Louisville, KY 40218\nDave Nichter\nsoiltech@jeffcd.org",
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                    "text": "KSU Soil Lab\nDr. Mahateme Gebremedhin\nmaheteme.gebremedhin@kysu.edu\nJacob Brown, MSc\njacob.brown1@kysu.edu",
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                    "text": "For more information, contact:",
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                    "text": "Senior Extension Associate,\nUrban Horticulture Production\n(502) 597-6570\n alhagie.cham@kysu.edu\n1300 Muhammad Ali Blvd., Louisville, KY 4020",
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                    "text": "Contributors",
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                    "text": "Dr. Maheteme Gebremedhin\nAssistant Professor, Soil\nScience\nJacob Brown\nResearch Assistant\nKelly Rawalt\nFood Systems Coordinator",
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                    "text": "Sources",
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                    "id": "p2.20",
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                    },
                    "text": "Allen, T., Kariuki, S., Mangan, F., Parkash, O., Xing, B., & Barros, Z. (2015). How and why to measure soil contaminants in urban settings (Ref. No. SPTTL_12). https://www.umass.edu/agriculture-food-environment/soil-plant-nutrient-testing-laboratory/fact-sheets/how-why-to-measure-soil-contaminants-in-urban-settings.",
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                            "text": "urban-settings.",
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                    "text": "Craul, P. J. (1985). A description of urban soils and their desired characteristics. Arboriculture & Urban Forestry, 11(11), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1985.071.",
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                    "text": "Wu, Q., & Congreves, K. A. (2024). Soil health benefits associated with urban horticulture. Science of The Total Environment, 912, 168852. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168852.",
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