{
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            "text": "22",
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            "text": "Commercial aquaculture feeds are extruded so that they maintain their integrity in the water (i.e. they hold together and do not break apart easily when in contact with the water). Feed that is steam extruded will float, where feed that is pressure/temperature extruded will sink. Feeds can also be slow sink, which results from a combination of ingredient ratio (% inclusion of carbohydrate) and type of extrusion. The type of feed required will depend on the biology and feeding nature of the culture fish."
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            "text": "Supplemental",
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            "text": "A common question among small-scale and hobby aquaponic growers is if they can feed vegetable scraps, insects, or loose grains to their fish. These are known as supplemental diets and only meet part of the nutrient requirement of the fish. This is sometimes seen in traditional aquaculture practices in which fish are contained in large bodies of water where they can scavenge additional foods from the environment. Because aquaponics is a completely closed system, a complete diet must be fed. In addition, if fish must expend energy to scavenge for loose food or scraps, they are not growing at their full potential. Providing all their required nutrition in one, appropriately sized pellet allows the fish to convert more of that energy into growth, rather than using it to find food."
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            "text": "Alternative Diets",
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            "text": "Alternative diets are a great option to utilize bulk products that are a byproduct of another production system, non-traditional ingredients, or even agriculture scraps. These diets would be prepared on-site and would still be combined in a ratio to meet both the nutrient requirements of the fish and the plant crop. One area where this is seen is in the brewing of craft beer or spirits. The spent grains from the fermentation process (brewer's grains) typically have a protein content high enough to be used in combination with another protein component, again dependent on the crops to be grown. Also utilized are refuse from animal processing plants, scraps from crop harvest, or even earthworm or other insect sources. One newer insect meal being used is black soldier fly larvae (BSFL). This is an especially good protein source because the larvae can be \"gut-loaded,\" or fed whatever precursor food would most benefit the fish consuming it, like foods high in Omega-3 fatty acids."
        }
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