{ "document_id": 12962, "page": 16, "width_pt": 612, "height_pt": 792, "rotation": 0, "pipeline_version": "paddleocr-vl-1.6+paul-48", "engine": "paddleocr_vl", "source_run_id": 13076, "item_count": 20, "counts_by_type": { "caption": 1, "figure": 1, "footnote": 1, "formula": 1, "header": 1, "table": 1, "table_cell": 11, "text": 3 }, "build_ms": 5, "items": [ { "id": "p16.1", "order": 1, "type": "header", "bbox": { "l": 302.16, "t": 755.76, "r": 310.08, "b": 745.44 }, "text": "8", "attrs": { "block_label": "number" }, "level": 2 }, { "id": "p16.2", "order": 2, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 68.4, "t": 698.88, "r": 292.08, "b": 604.8 }, "text": "Constant-flow media systems offer an alternative to the flood-and-drain method. Heavily aerated water flows into the media bed. Instead of a flood-and-drain cycle, the water level stays constant by using a standpipe. This drastically reduces the size of the sump needed for this type of growing system." }, { "id": "p16.3", "order": 3, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 306.24, "t": 697.2, "r": 541.2, "b": 459.84 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "image", "embedded_text": "FIGURE 8\nUVI deep water culture system" } }, { "id": "p16.4", "order": 4, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 68.4, "t": 593.52, "r": 288.48, "b": 447.84 }, "text": "Deep Water Culture: This growing method involves suspending plants in a floating raft, allowing the roots to hang down into the water (Figure 8). Plant roots are in constant contact with nutrient-rich water from the fish tank. Effective solids filtration is a requirement in these systems to prevent solids from entering the plant bed and clogging plant roots. Aeration must also be provided in the plant troughs to maintain adequate oxygen levels for plant roots and beneficial bacteria. Along with their large water holding capacity that keeps water quality parameters more stable, the underside of the rafts and lining of the troughs provide adequate space for nitrifying bacteria to colonize. The design itself also provides a cushion against power outages, as roots stay submerged in water despite loss of water or air flow." }, { "id": "p16.5", "order": 5, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 68.64, "t": 447.6, "r": 530.4, "b": 407.28 }, "text": "holding capacity that keeps water quality parameters more stable, the underside of the rafts and lining of the troughs provide adequate space for nitrifying bacteria to colonize. The design itself also provides a cushion against power outages, as roots stay submerged in water despite loss of water or air flow." }, { "id": "p16.6", "order": 6, "type": "caption", "bbox": { "l": 72.48, "t": 378.24, "r": 278.64, "b": 364.8 }, "text": "Table 2: Rules of thumb for DWC in aquaponics.", "attrs": { "block_label": "figure_title" } }, { "id": "p16.7", "order": 7, "type": "table", "bbox": { "l": 73.68, "t": 359.52, "r": 539.76, "b": 85.68 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "table", "n_rows": 6, "n_cols": 2, "integrity": { "cells_checked": 11, "cells_flagged": 1, "flags": [ { "row": 3, "col": 1, "coverage": 0.33, "text": "· High fish stocking density achieved with solids and biolo…" } ] } }, "children": [ { "id": "p16.7.1", "order": 8, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 199.9178, "t": 354.7475, "r": 413.243, "b": 343.3355 }, "text": "Rules of Thumb for Deep Water Culture in Aquaponics", "attrs": { "row": 0, "col": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 2, "bbox_refit": true, "column_header": true, "header_source": "pdf" } }, { "id": "p16.7.2", "order": 9, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 77.44, "t": 337.7695, "r": 173.2801, "b": 326.9605 }, "text": "Substrate Characteristics", "attrs": { "row": 1, "col": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } }, { "id": "p16.7.3", "order": 10, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 199.241, "t": 337.7695, "r": 489.3164, "b": 316.1605 }, "text": "· Rafts are commonly made from HDPE plastic or polystyrene boards· Beds should be insulated to prevent temperature fluctuations in the system", "attrs": { "row": 1, "col": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } }, { "id": "p16.7.4", "order": 11, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 77.44, "t": 308.2495, "r": 134.401, "b": 297.4405 }, "text": "System Design", "attrs": { "row": 2, "col": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } }, { "id": "p16.7.5", "order": 12, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 197.7, "t": 308.2495, "r": 515.8574, "b": 243.44050000000004 }, "text": "· Beds should be a 12 inches (30 cm) deep· Width of bed may vary but typically are 4 feet wide· Efficient solids filtration is needed to prevent solids from accumulating in the plant beds· Aeration is needed in fish tanks and plant troughs· Water flow rate of 5-10 gallons per minute", "attrs": { "row": 2, "col": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } }, { "id": "p16.7.6", "order": 13, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 77.44, "t": 236.43809999999996, "r": 146.6311, "b": 225.6291 }, "text": "Carrying Capacity", "attrs": { "row": 3, "col": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } }, { "id": "p16.7.7", "order": 14, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 306.72, "t": 222.6, "r": 539.76, "b": 176.96 }, "text": "· High fish stocking density achieved with solids and biological filtration· Fish stocking density not to exceed 60kg/m³ (0.5 lb/gallon)· Fish consume 1-3% of the body weight in feed per day*· Feed input for leafy greens is 40-60g of food/m²/day feeding 32% protein diet· Feed input for fruiting crops is 60-100g of food/m²/day feeding 32% protein diet· Leafy greens stocked at 20-25 plants/ m²· Fruiting crops stocked at 4 plants/ m²", "attrs": { "row": 3, "col": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1 } }, { "id": "p16.7.8", "order": 15, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 77.44, "t": 153.99810000000002, "r": 174.5041, "b": 143.18910000000005 }, "text": "Water Flow Management", "attrs": { "row": 4, "col": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } }, { "id": "p16.7.9", "order": 16, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 199.241, "t": 153.99810000000002, "r": 415.3184, "b": 132.38909999999998 }, "text": "· 1-4 hour water retention time in plant troughs· Long, narrow beds help water move through the system", "attrs": { "row": 4, "col": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } }, { "id": "p16.7.10", "order": 17, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 77.44, "t": 125.19809999999995, "r": 126.2191, "b": 114.38909999999998 }, "text": "Maintenance", "attrs": { "row": 5, "col": 0, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } }, { "id": "p16.7.11", "order": 18, "type": "table_cell", "bbox": { "l": 197.702, "t": 125.19809999999995, "r": 474.0965, "b": 92.78909999999996 }, "text": "· Fine solids may accumulate in the troughs and will need to be removed· Clarifier drained daily· Fine solids capture cleaned weekly", "attrs": { "row": 5, "col": 1, "rowspan": 1, "colspan": 1, "bbox_refit": true } } ] }, { "id": "p16.8", "order": 19, "type": "footnote", "bbox": { "l": 71.28, "t": 78.72, "r": 461.76, "b": 66 }, "text": "[p16.8.1]Exception is in early life stages where fish can consume 5-10% of their body weight in food per day.", "attrs": { "block_label": "vision_footnote" }, "children": [ { "id": "p16.8.1", "order": 20, "type": "formula", "bbox": { "l": 71.28, "t": 78.72, "r": 461.76, "b": 66 }, "text": "^{*}", "attrs": { "latex": "^{*}", "inline": true, "text_offset": 0, "text_span": 9, "bbox_estimated": true, "notation": "latex", "alt": "to the power of *", "mathml": "*" } } ] } ], "excluded_furniture": { "first": [], "last": [] } }