{ "document_id": 12958, "page": 3, "width_pt": 612, "height_pt": 792, "rotation": 0, "pipeline_version": "paddleocr-vl-1.6+paul-48", "engine": "paddleocr_vl", "source_run_id": 13069, "item_count": 14, "counts_by_type": { "figure": 1, "footer": 3, "heading": 2, "text": 8 }, "build_ms": 2, "items": [ { "id": "p3.1", "order": 1, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 33.36, "t": 757.44, "r": 298.56, "b": 506.16 }, "text": "is released from the meat into the cat's digestive system and begins to multiply. A few days after the initial infection, the cat will shed the organism in microscopic egg-like structures (oocysts) through its feces into the environment for a period of a couple weeks. After the initial infection, the immune system will fight the infection, and although the cat may still carry the parasite, it will no longer actively shed oocysts. The infective stage or oocysts are resistant to elements and may remain in the environment where shed for up to a year. Accidental ingestion of cat feces is a common route of transmission in other animals and people; for instance, if an individual touches feces when cleaning a litter box and does not wash their hands thoroughly before eating. Since cats most often show no symptoms, care should always be taken when cleaning litter boxes. Sand boxes in playgrounds or backyards may be used as a litter box for outdoor or stray cats if not covered when not in use. Children should wash their hands after playing in any sand play areas that could be contaminated." }, { "id": "p3.2", "order": 2, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 311.52, "t": 757.92, "r": 570.72, "b": 678.72 }, "text": "and provide a more reliable diagnosis. Toxoplasmosis may also be transmitted to offspring through milk. This may cause mild symptoms of illness in the offspring. Humans can be infected if they consume the raw (unpasteurized) milk or by eating undercooked meat from an infected animal." }, { "id": "p3.3", "order": 3, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 311.52, "t": 665.52, "r": 564, "b": 505.68 }, "text": "While reproductive losses can be very costly for small ruminant producers, extra care should always be taken when caring for the animals and handling fetuses, tissues and fluids. Abortions in small ruminants may also be caused by Q fever, brucellosis, leptospirosis, or Camplyobacteriosis, which are also zoonotic. Producers should always wear gloves when assisting in births or handling reproductive fluids. Pregnant women should avoid contact whenever possible, as it could potentially cause severe illness or death of their unborn fetus. It is always important to wear gloves and personal protective equipment when exposed to fetal fluids or placenta." }, { "id": "p3.4", "order": 4, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 33.12, "t": 493.68, "r": 296.88, "b": 426.48 }, "text": "Prevention in cats include feeding a commercial diet and preventing them from consuming raw milk, raw meat or rodents. Cleaning litter boxes daily will also prevent kittens from stepping in the feces and then consuming when they lick their paws while cleaning themselves." }, { "id": "p3.5", "order": 5, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 34.08, "t": 412.8, "r": 248.4, "b": 397.68 }, "text": "Toxoplasmosis in Sheep and Goats", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3 }, { "id": "p3.6", "order": 6, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 33.12, "t": 387.36, "r": 292.8, "b": 293.52 }, "text": "Livestock are considered intermediate hosts for Toxoplasma gondii. Small ruminants, including sheep and goats, may be infected by consuming oocysts. Rodents often live in barns and feed off of grain. This attracts feral cats, or barn cats may be kept for rodent control. Cats frequently defecate on hay, grain or in pastures, which the sheep/goat may then consume and become infected." }, { "id": "p3.7", "order": 7, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 32.88, "t": 281.52, "r": 293.04, "b": 148.32 }, "text": "Healthy sheep and goats that are not pregnant are often asymptomatic or show no signs of infection. However, for pregnant ewes or does, infections can cause abortions, mummified fetuses, stillbirths or weak offspring. After the initial infection and loss of the fetus, the dam's immune system will fight the parasite and subsequent pregnancies aren't affected; however, she will be infected lifelong. If a dam has a stillborn, mummified or aborted fetus, the fetus and the placenta should be taken to a lab for diagnostic testing, as the placenta will show the microscopic reasons and provide a more reliable diagnosis. Toxoplasmosis may also be transmitted to offspring through milk. This may cause mild symptoms of illness in the offspring. Humans can be infected if they consume the raw (unpasteurized) milk or by eating undercooked meat from an infected animal." }, { "id": "p3.8", "order": 8, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 311.52, "t": 493.68, "r": 572.4, "b": 360.96 }, "text": "Prevention of infection in small ruminants should consist of preventing contamination of hay or feed from cat feces or rodents. As mentioned earlier, younger kittens are more likely to be initially infected then will shed the organism; therefore, if barn cats are kept, they should be spayed/neutered to prevent unwanted litters and younger cats in the population. Grain may be medicated with cocciostats as a preventative. If you suspect a problem within your herd, discuss risk factors with your herd veterinarian for recommendations." }, { "id": "p3.9", "order": 9, "type": "heading", "bbox": { "l": 312.96, "t": 346.8, "r": 387.12, "b": 331.92 }, "text": "References:", "attrs": { "block_label": "paragraph_title" }, "level": 3 }, { "id": "p3.10", "order": 10, "type": "text", "bbox": { "l": 312.24, "t": 320.88, "r": 576, "b": 148.8 }, "text": "https://www.vet.cornell.edu/departments-centers-and-institutes/cornell-feline-health-center/health-information/feline-health-topics/toxoplasmosis-cats#:~:text=The%20disease%20is%20more%20likely,loss%20of%20appetite%2C%20and%20lethargy.\nhttps://www.aavmc.org/data/files/case-study/sp%20info%20tox.pdf\nhttps://cast.desu.edu/sites/cast/files/document/16/toxoplasmosis_fact_sheet_djo.pdf\nhttps://www.ksvdl.org/resources/news/diagnostic_insights/january2018/goat.html\nhttps://www.canr.msu.edu/news/toxoplasmosis_can_cause_abortions_in_sheep_and_goats" }, { "id": "p3.11", "order": 11, "type": "figure", "bbox": { "l": 32.4, "t": 90.2044, "r": 100.44, "b": 27.5 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "source": "pdf_image" } }, { "id": "p3.12", "order": 12, "type": "footer", "bbox": { "l": 36, "t": 91.2, "r": 95.76, "b": 29.76 }, "text": "", "attrs": { "block_label": "footer_image" } }, { "id": "p3.13", "order": 13, "type": "footer", "bbox": { "l": 248.4, "t": 86.88, "r": 437.28, "b": 71.76 }, "text": "KYSU.EDU/AG | @KYSUAG", "attrs": { "block_label": "footer" } }, { "id": "p3.14", "order": 14, "type": "footer", "bbox": { "l": 107.04, "t": 67.92, "r": 577.2, "b": 28.8 }, "text": "Educational programs of Kentucky Cooperative Extension serve all people regardless of economic or social status and will not discriminate on the basis of race, color, ethnic origin, national origin, creed, religion, political belief, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, pregnancy, marital status, genetic information, age, veteran status, or physical or mental disability. Kentucky State University, University of Kentucky, U.S. Department of Agriculture, and Kentucky Counties, Cooperating. 2021 KSU-CEP-FAC-0087", "attrs": { "block_label": "footer" } } ], "excluded_furniture": { "first": [], "last": [] } }