{
    "document_id": 12743,
    "page": 3,
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    "height_pt": 792,
    "rotation": 0,
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    "item_count": 17,
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    "items": [
        {
            "id": "p3.1",
            "order": 1,
            "type": "title",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 33.84,
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            "text": "Sequence and Consequence\nBlossom development in Asimina triloba",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "doc_title"
            },
            "level": 2
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.2",
            "order": 2,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
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                "t": 684.24,
                "r": 224.16,
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            "text": "By Neal Peterson and Eliane Norman"
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.3",
            "order": 3,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 32.88,
                "t": 661.92,
                "r": 207.12,
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            },
            "text": "Blossom time for pawpaw trees is upon us, those of us who live in the Northern Hemisphere. Often times we read that hand pollination of pawpaws is an effective way of obtaining pawpaw fruit when flies and beetles fail to do their job. But how do we know when to collect pollen? And when is a flower ready to receive pollen? The following descriptions are a helpful guide."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.4",
            "order": 4,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 33.6,
                "t": 498,
                "r": 204.72,
                "b": 444.72
            },
            "text": "Stage 1: The dark brown velvety bud expands in size; the pedicel (flower stem) elongates and bends downward."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.5",
            "order": 5,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 33.84,
                "t": 438.96,
                "r": 205.44,
                "b": 411.36
            },
            "text": "Stage 2: The sepals separate, revealing the outer petals, green in color."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.6",
            "order": 6,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 33.36,
                "t": 406.08,
                "r": 209.28,
                "b": 365.76
            },
            "text": "Stage 3: The petals emerge, green in color, and expand in size, revealing the small inner petals."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.7",
            "order": 7,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 33.12,
                "t": 360.72,
                "r": 206.16,
                "b": 293.28
            },
            "text": "Stage 4: The petals begin to turn color, show a mixture of green and maroon, and continue expanding. The stigmas appear swollen and glossy (or fuzzy white)."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.8",
            "order": 8,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 33.12,
                "t": 288.96,
                "r": 205.92,
                "b": 49.44
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            "text": "Stage 5: The petals reach full size; the color is wholly maroon; the nectary band (found in the inner whorl of petals) is usually of a paler color. The flower shape is bell-like; the outer petals are positioned mostly downward and are somewhat closed; the tips of the inner petals become recurved and although mostly closed, they leave a small gap for the admission of insects. One must pull back the inner petals in order to view the pistils and anthers. The stigmas appear swollen and glossy, pale green or almost white in color (sometimes more fuzzy than glossy). The ball of anthers is a hard, tightly packed mass, green in color, or rarely pinkish."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.9",
            "order": 9,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 216.72,
                "t": 662.64,
                "r": 392.16,
                "b": 635.04
            },
            "text": "hard, tightly packed mass, green in color, or rarely pinkish."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.10",
            "order": 10,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 217.2,
                "t": 627.6,
                "r": 392.4,
                "b": 441.12
            },
            "text": "Stage 6: Both inner and outer petals flare back noticeably, exposing the ball of anthers. The tip of the outer petals becomes recurved, if they did not do so in Stage 5. The stigmas are dried, brownish in color, and often break off from the ovary. The ball of anthers turns tan or brown in color, is no longer hard, is instead loose and friable. The individual anthers dehisce (release their pollen) and pollen grains are visible as a yellowish powder among the anthers."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.11",
            "order": 11,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 217.2,
                "t": 433.92,
                "r": 392.64,
                "b": 314.4
            },
            "text": "Stage 7: The anthers drop off the torus of the flower. The petals wither and detach. If the flower was successfully fertilized, the pistils begin expanding in size, and the pedicel begins to thicken. Otherwise the pistils detach from the torus, and the flower pedicel detaches from the branch."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.12",
            "order": 12,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 216.96,
                "t": 301.2,
                "r": 390.96,
                "b": 50.16
            },
            "text": "Note: The flower is female and receptive in stages 4 and 5, provided that the stigmas appear receptive as described above. The flower ceases being receptive in stage 6, becoming male when the flower enters anthesis (the shedding of pollen). The length of time that the flower spends in stage 5 varies, depending on weather, especially temperature, but typically is two or three days. The length of stage 6 is briefer, usually one day. Pollen is most easily collected by means of harvesting whole anthers just as the flower enters stage 6, when the anther ball turns color and loses its compactness, but prior to anthesis."
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.13",
            "order": 13,
            "type": "title",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 415.92,
                "t": 740.16,
                "r": 560.4,
                "b": 688.32
            },
            "text": "From the Desk\nof the President",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "doc_title"
            },
            "level": 2
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.14",
            "order": 14,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 416.16,
                "t": 677.52,
                "r": 518.4,
                "b": 663.12
            },
            "text": "By Kirk W. Pomper"
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.15",
            "order": 15,
            "type": "text",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 414.96,
                "t": 650.16,
                "r": 561.6,
                "b": 68.64
            },
            "text": "We had the largest paw-\npaw crop ever at Kentucky\nState University (KSU) in\n2004. About 1500 pawpaw\ntrees had fruit last year! The\npawpaw orchards escaped\nseveral mid-April frost\nevents without damage. A\npawpaw rootstock trial, with\nthe cultivars Sunflower and\nSusquehanna budded onto\nseedling rootstock from\nSunflower, PA-Golden, or\nK8-2, was planted in 2004\nand of the 160 trees planted\nonly two trees were lost over\nthe summer. This spring we\nwill again conduct experi-\nments to improve fruit set on\nyoung pawpaw trees and\nexamine cluster thinning and\nits influence on fruit size.\nIn other news: about 100 people attended the 2004 KSU/PPF pawpaw field in Frankfort, KY. The KSU pawpaw ice cream and pawpaw wine, from White Owl Winery in Illinois, added to the festivities at the field day. Two pawpaw selections (K2-7 and K8-2) will be released this year to nurseries with KSU trademark names. Valentine's Gourmet Ice Cream, LLC, Winchester, KY is planning on making and marketing a pawpaw ice cream in 2005. Check out the KSU website at www.pawpaw.kysu.edu for more pawpaw news.\nAs always, happy pawpaw hunting!"
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.16",
            "order": 16,
            "type": "footer",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 276.72,
                "t": 36.96,
                "r": 334.8,
                "b": 23.76
            },
            "text": "Spring 2005",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "footer"
            }
        },
        {
            "id": "p3.17",
            "order": 17,
            "type": "footer",
            "bbox": {
                "l": 569.04,
                "t": 36.48,
                "r": 577.2,
                "b": 24.96
            },
            "text": "3",
            "attrs": {
                "block_label": "number"
            }
        }
    ],
    "excluded_furniture": {
        "first": [],
        "last": []
    }
}