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            "text": "Data Center Concerns and Recommended Ordinance Standards",
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            "text": "A Starting Point for a Dubuque County Data Center Ordinance"
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            "text": "Prepared by the Data Center Accountability for the Citizens of Dubuque Group"
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            "text": "The concerns below reflect issues documented in communities across the United States and worldwide where large-scale data centers have been built, together with items raised by Dubuque County residents. Each item represents a topic the Zoning Commission may wish to address through specific, enforceable ordinance standards before applications are considered."
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            "text": "1. Farmland, Siting, and Land Use",
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                    "text": "Permanent loss of high-quality agricultural land; once prime farmland is converted to industrial use, it does not return to production."
                },
                {
                    "id": "p1.6.2",
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                    "text": "Siting on high-productivity soils (e.g., high CSR2-rated ground in Iowa); lower-quality or already-industrial sites should be used where available.",
                    "marker": "-"
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                {
                    "id": "p1.6.3",
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                        "r": 522,
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                    "text": "Incompatibility of industrial-scale buildings with agricultural and rural residential zoning districts.",
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                {
                    "id": "p1.6.4",
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                    "text": "Fragmentation of contiguous farm operations and interference with field access, drainage tile, and farm equipment movement.",
                    "marker": "-"
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                {
                    "id": "p1.6.5",
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                    "bbox": {
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                    "text": "Pressure for speculative rezoning of surrounding parcels once a first facility is approved.",
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                {
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                    "text": "Need for a density clause limiting the number and concentration of data center campuses in the county so that approvals do not cluster into a de facto industrial corridor.",
                    "marker": "-"
                },
                {
                    "id": "p1.6.7",
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                    "text": "Setback from municipal boundaries: Allamakee County, Iowa prohibits data centers within two miles of city limits — a model worth considering, which also reduces annexation pressure.",
                    "marker": "•"
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                {
                    "id": "p1.6.8",
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                    "text": "Size definitions and thresholds should be based on total campus acreage, not building square footage; rezoning requests are presented and approved at the campus level, and building-size definitions invite phased end-runs around thresholds.",
                    "marker": "-"
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            "id": "p1.7",
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            "text": "2. Water Use and Water Quality",
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                    "id": "p1.8.1",
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                    "bbox": {
                        "l": 71.52,
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                        "r": 545.04,
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                    "text": "Very high water consumption for evaporative cooling — some facilities use millions of gallons per day, competing with municipal, agricultural, and residential wells.",
                    "marker": "•"
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                {
                    "id": "p1.8.2",
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                    "bbox": {
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                    "text": "Drawdown of local aquifers and impacts on private well owners, with limited recourse for affected neighbors."
                },
                {
                    "id": "p1.8.3",
                    "order": 19,
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                    "bbox": {
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                    "text": "Required pre-construction well studies of surrounding properties and continuous water quality and water level monitoring for the life of the facility, at the operator's expense.",
                    "marker": "•"
                },
                {
                    "id": "p1.8.4",
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                    "text": "Where closed-loop cooling is claimed, the application must include a complete closed-loop system plan: maintenance schedule, leak detection and response, flushing intervals and procedures, contaminant monitoring and separation, and refilling procedures and volumes.",
                    "marker": "-"
                },
                {
                    "id": "p1.8.5",
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                    "text": "Discharge of heated water, blowdown water, and water-treatment chemicals into streams or sewer systems.",
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                {
                    "id": "p1.8.6",
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                    "text": "Stormwater runoff from large impervious rooftops and parking areas, increasing flooding and erosion downstream."
                },
                {
                    "id": "p1.8.7",
                    "order": 23,
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                    "text": "Lack of disclosure: in many communities, water use figures were kept confidential until after approval."
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            "text": "3. Karst Geology, Sinkholes, and Groundwater Protection",
            "attrs": {
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            "level": 3
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        {
            "id": "p1.10",
            "order": 25,
            "type": "text",
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            "text": "Much of Dubuque County lies within the Driftless Area, where shallow, fractured limestone and dolomite bedrock creates karst conditions: sinkholes, losing streams, springs, and rapid pathways from the surface"
        }
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    "excluded_furniture": {
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